What does tz mean in arabic

App Privacy. Information Seller MobiSystems, Inc. Size Category Reference. Compatibility iPhone Requires iOS Mac Requires macOS Price Free. Family Sharing With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app. More By This Developer. Collins Latin Dictionary. You Might Also Like. FluentU: Learn Language Videos. Voice Translator App. This article also describes typical features of Moroccan Arabic in the light of other varieties of Arabic. Your documents are now available to view.

Confirm Cancel. Cite this. You currently have no access to view or download this content. For instance, a typeface or writing style can offer two or more shapes for the final form of a single letter.

These variant shapes usually have variant widths and hence can be used to adjust the width of the line. An advantage of using alternative letter shapes when justifying paragraphs is that it does not involve modifying default properties of the typeface width of space or other characters.

Instead, it is using shapes that are part of the typeface and are in harmony with other shapes in the lines. But excessive use of alternative shapes, such as using multiple very wide alternatives close to each other, can create unnatural results. It is not possible to justify paragraphs using only alternative letter shapes, because these shapes have predefined widths.

For example, if a line should get 25 points wider, it is impossible to achieve that by using alternative letter shapes that are, say, 10 or 20 or 30 points wider than the default shapes.

But these shapes can make the lines closer to measure, thus reducing the usage of other mechanisms. Some Arabic fonts, following the writing styles that use special shapes when joining certain letters, provide a rich number of ligatures. These ligatures can be used in paragraph justification, since they usually reduce the widths of the words.

But existence of the ligatures in a font does not mean that they can be used freely. A font may provide some of its ligatures for creating an artistic style, which would be unsuitable for texts requiring optimum legibility.

For that reason, the user should be able to select which sets of ligatures can be used for justification. Fonts can offer predefined sets of ligatures to simplify this process. This is a feature deeply related with the cursive nature of Arabic script. Kashida is an interesting tool for paragraph justification.

It is more flexible than alternative letter shapes and ligatures, because it is not restricted to a limited number of predefined widths. At the same time, it has relatively less effect on the text color than spacing. Excessive use of kashida or applying very long kashidas results in uneven color.

Also, horizontal or vertical proximity of numerous kashida creates an unnatural color. Kashida is not always straight. Some fonts may require curvilinear kashidas, which require more advanced implementations. Typographers can have preferred places for applying kashidas.

In other words, instead of applying kashida between every joined pair of letters, they want it at certain joins. Tatweel is a dual-joining character that can be inserted between two joined letters to widen their connection. Tatweel extends letter connections in a fashion similar to kashida, but in a much more limited way. It is a character that has to be in the text or inserted like other characters.

It has a predefined width, like any other character. Yet it is much simpler to implement, since it acts like normal Arabic characters and does not require special treatment.

For this reason, it can be considered useful specially in constrained implementations like fixed-width environments. Each of the above six mechanisms have their own limitations and side effects.

Utilizing only one of them for justifying paragraphs can create undesirable results. Multiple mechanisms can be used at the same time to work around their limitations and minimize their side effects. Since Arabic provides various mechanisms that can be used for justification, an advanced implementation that supports all or most of the above features can produce exemplary justifications.

More limited applications can combine what is available. Preferences for each mechanisms can depend on the document and text and the preference of the typographers and users. Implementations can enable users to prioritize and control the mechanisms mentioned above. There are situations where Arabic text is stretched for reasons other than justification.

Common instances include:. These instances do not correspond to letter-spacing in non-cursive scripts, however.

Apart from the fact that the stretching is indicated by stretching the baseline between characters, the stretching is not usually equidistant between all characters in the stretched text. Arabic script text may use special counter styles for lists, numbering headings, pages, etc. The following tables list Unicode characters used for Arabic script. Each table has two columns named Ar and Fa which denote which characters are used for Arabic or Persian languages, respectively.

The content of these columns is one of these symbols:. Unicode 6. These new characters are in the process of being supported in applications and their usage is encouraged over the old embedding characters.

Special thanks to the following people who contributed to this document contributors' names listed in in alphabetic order. Please find the latest info of the contributors at the GitHub contributors list. Refer to "European numerals". A virtual line on which almost all glyphs in Western fonts are designed to be aligned. To place the first of two adjacent characters at the end of a line and the second at the head of a new line.

To align the center of a run of text that is shorter than a given line length to the center of a line. Incarnation of a character by handwriting, printing or rendering to a computer screen. Dimensions of a character. Unless otherwise noted, it refers to the size of a character frame in the block direction. Also to number the pages continuously across those of all issues of a periodical published in a year, aside from pagination per issue.

A style of headings. Headings do not occupy the full lines, but share lines area with following main text lines. A descender is the part of a letter extending below the base line, as in 'g', 'j', 'p', 'q', or 'y'. A descender line is a virtual line drawn at the bottom of descender parallel to base line.

Unit in the field of typography, equal to the currently specified point size. A reference to the width of the capital "M". A set of notes placed at the end of a part, chapter, section, paragraph and so on, or at the end of a book. Any of the symbols in [] used to represent numbers.

A characteristic of a font where the same character advance is assigned for all glyphs. The first part of a book followed by the text, usually consisting of a forward, preface, table of contents, list of illustrations, acknowledgement and so on.

A full-width character frame is square in shape by definition. A kind of notes in vertical writing style, head area in kihon-hanmen is kept beforehand, and notes are set with smaller size font than main text. A method of breaking a line by dividing a Western word at the end of a line and adding a hyphen at the end of the first half of the syllable. Diacritical marks applied to a basic letter shape or skeleton to derive a new letter.

For example a dot under a "curve" to get the letter Beh. In Unicode each letter plus ijam combination is encoded as a separate, atomic character. A general term referring to a diagram, chart, cut, figure, picture and the like, to be used for printed materials.

A list of terms or subjects with page numbers for where they are referred to in a single or multiple volumes of a book. A line adjustment rule that prohibits inserting any space between specific combinations of characters. Text following or followed by numbers for illustrations, tables, headings and running headings. A method of aligning both edges of all lines to be the same given length by removing or adding adjustable spaces.

A line breaking rule to avoid commas or full stops at a line head which is prohibited in Japanese typography by taking them back to the end of the previous line beyond the specified line length. A line breaking rule that aligns both edges of a line by expanding inter-character spaces. A set of rules to avoid prohibited layout in Japanese typography, such as "line-start prohibition rule", "line-end prohibition rule", inseparable or unbreakable character sequences and so on.

Length of a line with a pre-defined number of characters. When the line is indented at the line head or the line end, it is length of the line from the specified amount of line head indent to the specified amount of line end indent. A format of text on a page where text is divided into two or more sections columns in the inline direction and each column is separated by a certain amount of space column space.

Kind of writing style, generally opposed to mabsut, that is more flexible and rounded. To end a page even if it is not full and to start a new page with the next paragraph, a new heading and so on.

The layout and presentation of a page with text, graphics and other elements for a publication such as a book. A group of sentences to be processed for line composition. A paragraph consists of one or more lines. A measurement unit of character size. There is another unit to measure character sizes called Q, where 1Q is equivalent to 0. A general term referring to the symbols used in text composition to help make the meaning of text clearer, as in commas, full stops, question marks, brackets, diereses and so on.

A symbol or short run of text attached to a specific part of text, to which notes are provided followed by the corresponding marks. Optical path of white space that sometimes occurs when word spaces in successive lines of type occur immediately below each other and continue for several lines. In typography, any copy—specifically a head—designed to be set in the same line as the text.

A kind of heading style to continue main text just after the heading without line break. In typography, copy typeset so that it will create a "hole" on the page to fit an illustration. Re: Omega watch looking for Arabic translation.

Originally Posted by searat. Hard to see as it's not sharp, but could be initials of an organisation along the lines of S - R - T though the first letter might be something else. Re: Omega watch looking for Arabic translation I will get a better photo at the weekend with a borrowed camera with much better macro, thanks for the information so far though, it's proving quite interesting. Re: Omega watch looking for Arabic translation You guys make me laugh, how on earth is that urdu?

Originally Posted by ibby7. You guys make me laugh, how on earth is that urdu?