Why do zimbabwe

Section 73 of the Criminal Law Codification and Reform Act, punishes consensual same-sex conduct between men with up to one year in prison or a fine or both. This restrictive legislation contributes to stigma and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBT people. In September , the Harare deputy mayor announced that the Harare City Council had shut down its main water treatment plant, known as Morton Jaffray, due to shortages of imported water treatment chemicals and low water levels at Lake Chivero.

This exposed millions of Harare residents to the risk of waterborne diseases like cholera, which have ravaged the city in the past. The conditions that contributed to the spread of cholera during the latest outbreak in September , and another outbreak a decade earlier, continued in , namely: little access to potable water, inadequate sanitation services, and limited information on water quality. Following a decision at the SADC summit, SADC member states on October 25 undertook various activities, including protests, to collectively voice their disapproval of the sanctions until the sanctions against Zimbabwe are lifted.

The so-called sanctions are targeted sanctions on individual Zimbabweans, most of whom are government officials, and not economic sanctions that could affect the broader population, as the government has often suggested. US law prohibits importation of goods made with forced labor. Human Rights Watch. World Report Public reactions to state repression: operation murambatsvina in Zimbabwe. African Affairs , , Developmental Leadership program, research paper Democratic experiments in africa.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brooks, R. Making military might: why do states fail and succeed? A review essay. International security 28 2 , Chitiga, M. Journal of African Economies. Di John, J. Conceptualizing the causes and consequences of failed states: a critical review of the literature. Revista de estudios sociales , 37 , Foreign Policy. Failed state index. Harold-Barry, D. Harare:Weaver Press. Jenkins, C. The politics of economic policy-making in zimbabwe. Journal of Modern African Studies , 35 4 , Leftwich, A.

States of development: on the primacy of politics in development. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Maclean, S. Third World Qaurterly, 23 3 , Makina, D. Journal of Developing Societies , 26 1 , Masunungure, E. In Harold-Barry, D. Zimbabwe: The Past Is the Future. Weaver Press:Harare, Maundeni, Z.

State culture and development in botswana and zimbabwe. Journal of modern African studies 40 1 , Moselle, B. Richardson, C. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press.

Robinson, J. United Nations University, World institute for economic development. Rotberg, R. The new nature of nation-state failure. Few shopkeepers will accept anything but real dollars, so the bond notes have already lost at least 20 per cent of their value. The black market in foreign currency is raging. Long lineups at the banks have become another part of daily life in Harare. Mugabe did little to bolster confidence earlier this year when he told a reporter that he, too, kept cash at home for fear he might not be able to get it out of the bank again.

Meanwhile, on the streets of Harare, bartering systems are way up. So is the number of street vendors despite a renewed crackdown against them by Mugabe in recent months. The government says the illegal vendors cost the state money in lost tax revenue.

It also calls them unsightly and recently blamed them for a typhoid outbreak. Human rights groups accuse the government of social cleansing and trying to remove people likely to rise up against the Mugabe regime.

For businesses needing U. In a country that still has one of the highest HIV infection rates in southern Africa, it is a huge problem. An estimated 1. Emily Rice is one of them. Rice used to work for the city of Harare, but was let go. The program is an effort to at least acknowledge mental health in a country with so many other priorities. The two women sat on a bench underneath an avocado tree, the fruit so heavy it dragged the branches down like a veil.